The cell attachment determinant in fibronectin

Fibronectin possesses a domain that interacts with cell surfaces. The ability of fibronectin to promote cell attachment can be duplicated with a short amino acid sequence, glycyl-L-arginyl-glycyl-L-aspartyl-L-serine, taken from that domain. The tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp appears to be irreplaceable for maintenance of the activity of this peptide, whereas the serine residue can be replaced with some, but apparently not all, possible residues. This recognition sequence, or a closely related sequence, is present in a number of proteins other than fibronectin that interact with cells. These proteins include collagens, fibrinogen, thrombin, a bacterial surface protein, and two viral proteins, as well as discoidin-I, a protein implicated in the aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum. A similar sequence is also repeated in some, but not all, fibronectin molecules, making it possible that some fibronectin molecules have more than a single cell attachment site. Synthetic peptides constructed from sequences taken from several of these other proteins have also been shown to promote cell attachment. The tripeptide sequence may, therefore, constitute an ancient cellular recognition mechanism common to many proteins.