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An Update on Viral Infection-Associated Collapsing Glomerulopathy
Molly Fisher1, Michael Ross2, Lanny DiFranza3
1Division of Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY.
Advances in Kidney Disease and Health
|July 31, 2024
Summary
Viral infections like COVID-19 can cause collapsing glomerulopathy (CG), a kidney disease. Genetic factors, including APOL1 risk variants, influence susceptibility and disease presentation in certain populations.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Virology
- Genetics
Background:
- Viral infections are increasingly recognized as triggers for glomerular diseases.
- Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a severe kidney lesion associated with various viral pathogens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical presentation, histology, mechanisms, and outcomes of viral infection-associated CG.
- To compare COVID-19-associated nephropathy (COVAN) with HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN).
Main Methods:
- Literature review of viral-associated CG, focusing on HIVAN and COVAN.
- Analysis of host susceptibility factors, including APOL1 risk variants.
Main Results:
- HIV and SARS-CoV-2 can cause podocyte injury leading to CG.
- COVAN shares clinical and histological similarities with HIVAN.
- APOL1 risk variants are key determinants of racial disparities in viral-associated CG.
Conclusions:
- Viral infections represent a significant cause of glomerular disease, particularly CG.
- Understanding the interplay between viral factors, host genetics (APOL1), and inflammation is crucial for managing kidney injury.
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