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Related Concept Videos

Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

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The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration01:02

Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration

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The kidney serves as the primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs and their metabolites from the body. This process, known as renal elimination, starts with glomerular filtration and results in urine formation. Each kidney houses millions of functional units called nephrons, where urine production occurs. A nephron has two main components: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Drugs gain access to the kidney via the renal artery, which progressively branches off into afferent arterioles....
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Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Glomerular Filtration: Net Filtration Pressure01:26

Glomerular Filtration: Net Filtration Pressure

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Glomerular filtration, a key process in the kidneys, is regulated by three main pressures: Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP), Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP), and Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP).
GBHP, with an average value of 55 mmHg, promotes filtration by pushing water and solutes through the filtration membrane. This is balanced by two opposing forces: CHP, a "back pressure" exerted against the filtration membrane by fluid already in the capsular space and renal...
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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation
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Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation

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Paraneoplastic Glomerular Diseases.

Aarthi Muthukumaran1, Rimda Wanchoo2, Surya V Seshan3

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare, NHS, London, UK.

Advances in Kidney Disease and Health
|July 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paraneoplastic glomerular disease (PGD) is a rare kidney disorder caused by cancer. Early PGD diagnosis is vital as it signals cancer and often resists standard treatments.

Keywords:
CancerMembranous nephropathyParaneoplastic glomerular diseasesPodocytopathyThrombotic microangiopathy

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation
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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic glomerular disease (PGD) is a kidney disorder linked to cancer, distinct from direct tumor effects.
  • PGD highlights the complex interplay between cancer and renal dysfunction, with varied clinical outcomes.
  • First identified in Hodgkin's disease, PGD criteria are now established based on symptoms and cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review paraneoplastic glomerular diseases, including their clinicopathological features.
  • To explore the association between PGD and specific cancers.
  • To examine the underlying mechanisms of PGD and emphasize diagnostic and treatment needs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of paraneoplastic glomerular diseases.
  • Analysis of clinicopathological features and associated cancers.
  • Examination of PGD mechanisms and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • PGD is rare, affecting <1% of adult cancer patients with renal issues.
  • PGD can be an early indicator of cancer onset.
  • Many PGD cases are resistant to conventional glomerulonephritis therapies.

Conclusions:

  • PGD requires early diagnosis and integrated treatment for both kidney disease and cancer.
  • The field of onconephrology is crucial for understanding cancer-kidney disorder links.
  • Further research into PGD causes and mechanisms is needed.