Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

The fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) in the acute phase of acute heart failure (AHF) has seldom been evaluated.A total of 1,402 hospitalized AHF patients were analyzed. We calculated FAR using the following formula: plasma fibrinogen (g/L) /serum albumin (g/L) × 1,000. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to FAR value quartiles (low-FAR [Q1, FAR ≤ 564, n = 352], middle-FAR [Q2/Q3, 565 ≤ FAR ≤ 1,071, n = 700], and high-FAR [Q4, FAR ≥ 1,072, n = 350]). The median (interquartile range) FAR value was 855 (710-1,103). A multivariate logistic regression model showed that C-reactive protein (per 1 mg/dL increase; odds ratio [OR]: 1.307, 95% CI: 1.250-1.3366, P < 0.001), ischemic heart disease etiology (OR: 1.691, 95%CI: 1.227-2.331, P = 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (DM; OR: 1.624, 95%CI: 1.188-2.220, P = 0.002) were independently associated with high FAR values. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that prognosis of all-cause mortality within 730 days was significantly poorer (P = 0.033) in the high-FAR group than in the other 2 groups. Conversely, in the low-albumin group, the prognosis of all-cause mortality was significantly poorer (P = 0.006) in the low-FAR group than in the other groups. A Cox regression model revealed that in the low-albumin group, a low FAR value was an independent predictor of 730-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.503, 95% CI: 0.287-0.881, P = 0.016) and HF events (HR: 0.444, 95%CI 0.276-0.712, P = 0.001).Elevated FAR was associated with inflammation, DM, and ischemic etiology, and with adverse outcomes in the whole AHF group, whereas low FAR was independently associated with adverse outcomes in the low-albumin group.