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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
Published on: June 28, 2018
Ventilator-associated pneumonia: pathobiological heterogeneity and diagnostic challenges
Fiona Howroyd1,2, Cyril Chacko3,4, Andrew MacDuff3,4
1Therapy Services, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, UK. fjh722@student.bham.ac.uk.
Abstract:
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) affects up to 20% of critically ill patients and induces significant antibiotic prescription pressure, accounting for half of all antibiotic use in the ICU. VAP significantly increases hospital length of stay and healthcare costs yet is also associated with long-term morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of VAP continues to present challenges and pitfalls for the currently available clinical, radiological and microbiological diagnostic armamentarium. Biomarkers and artificial intelligence offer an innovative potential direction for ongoing future research. In this Review, we summarise the pathobiological heterogeneity and diagnostic challenges associated with VAP.
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