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Related Concept Videos

Methods to Assess Microbial Communities01:19

Methods to Assess Microbial Communities

Microbial communities, comprising bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic microorganisms, inhabit diverse ecosystems and play crucial roles in environmental and biological processes. Their diversity is defined by three main parameters: species richness (the number of distinct species), species abundance (the relative quantity of each species), and species evenness (how uniformly individual species are distributed in various locations). These factors together shape the structure and ecological balance...
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The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
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Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Oral Biofilm Analysis of Palatal Expanders by Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
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Comparative analysis of microbiome in coronal and root caries.

Tadamu Gondo1, Noriko Hiraishi2, Azusa Takeuchi1

  • 1Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.

BMC Oral Health
|July 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Root caries have a more complex bacterial community than coronal caries, with distinct microbial profiles. This finding highlights variations in oral microflora within different types of dental caries lesions.

Keywords:
16S rRNACariesCariologyICDASMicrobiomeNGS

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Health
  • Dental Caries Research

Background:

  • Increasing elderly population leads to higher prevalence of root caries.
  • Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli, and Actinomyces are traditionally identified as key dental caries pathogens.
  • This study investigates bacterial profiles in both coronal and root caries lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare bacterial profiles in coronal and root caries.
  • To identify specific bacterial genera associated with each type of caries lesion.
  • To understand the microbial differences in carious dentine.

Main Methods:

  • Dentine samples collected from 22 extracted teeth with carious lesions.
  • Microbial DNA extraction using a novel protocol.
  • 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (V3-V4 region) on Illumina MiSeq.
  • Statistical analysis using Phyloseq and DESeq2 in R.

Main Results:

  • Coronal caries: Olsenella, Lactobacillus, Prevotella dominated (~70%).
  • Root caries: These genera were also dominant but comprised only ~50% of the community.
  • Significant differences in alpha diversity between coronal and root caries.
  • LEfSE analysis identified unique genera in each lesion type.

Conclusions:

  • Root caries lesions exhibit a richer and more complex microbiome than coronal caries.
  • Lesion-specific variations in oral microflora can be detected in carious dentine.
  • Findings contribute to understanding caries etiology and targeted prevention strategies.