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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

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Does vitamin D supplementation impact serotonin levels? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Malek Alimohammadi-Kamalabadi1, Somayeh Ziaei2, Motahareh Hasani3

  • 1Department of Cellular-Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.

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|August 1, 2024
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Summary

Vitamin D supplementation did not significantly alter serotonin levels in this systematic review. Further research is needed to explore vitamin D

Keywords:
5‐HTcholecalciferolmeta‐analysisserotoninsystematic reviewvitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is widespread and linked to serotonin dysregulation.
  • Serotonin imbalance is associated with various neurological and mood disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum serotonin levels.
  • To assess if vitamin D influences serotonin regulation in diverse populations.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of major databases (PubMed, Scopus, etc.) up to September 2022.
  • Inclusion of six randomized clinical trials with 356 participants.
  • Calculation of effect sizes using standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant difference in serotonin levels was observed between vitamin D intervention and control groups (SMD: 0.24 ng/mL, p > 0.10).
  • Subgroup analyses for children, autism spectrum disorder, longer interventions, and lower vitamin D doses also showed no significant effects.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence from this meta-analysis suggests vitamin D supplementation does not significantly impact serum serotonin levels.
  • Further high-quality randomized trials are necessary to clarify the role of vitamin D in serotonin regulation and related conditions.