Bladder cancer with bone marrow metastases and thrombotic microangiopathy: a case report

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers of the urinary tract and the 10th most common cancer worldwide according to the World Health Organization (WHO), with a higher incidence in men than in women. Bladder cancer rarely presents with a clinical picture of bone marrow infiltration which may result in thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). TMA is a syndrome triggered by a wide variety of conditions, some of which are associated with cancer. It is a rare condition in patients with solid tumors, the incidence of which is increasing as awareness of this complication improves. Tumor-induced TMA may exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Here we review the case of a 57-year-old male suffering from transitional bladder cancer with bone marrow infiltration that led to TMA Syndrome. We were able to diagnose the cause and treat the patient in a manner that achieved complete remission of symptoms.