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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
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Regulation of Water Intake01:25

Regulation of Water Intake

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Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Kidney failure amongst Irish Travellers.

Paul O'Hara1, Husam Alzayer2,3, Luke Harris4

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland. paul.ohara4@hse.ie.

Irish Journal of Medical Science
|August 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Irish Travellers show a similar prevalence of kidney failure requiring replacement therapy (KFRT) compared to the general population. They access treatment quickly but are less likely to use home therapies, with comparable kidney transplant wait times.

Keywords:
Inclusion healthIrish TravellersKidney Failure with Replacement TherapyKidney replacement therapyPreventive medicineRoma

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Kidney Failure with Replacement Therapy (KFRT) occurrence in the Irish Traveller population is not well-documented.
  • This study investigates the burden of KFRT and associated health determinants within this specific demographic.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for equitable healthcare delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of KFRT among Irish Travellers.
  • To identify demographic and clinical factors influencing KFRT in this population.
  • To compare KFRT characteristics with the general Irish population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of self-identifying Irish Travellers with KFRT (1995-2022).
  • Data sourced from the National Kidney Disease Clinical Patient Management System.
  • Primary outcome: KFRT prevalence; Secondary outcomes: age at diagnosis, KRT modality, transplant times.

Main Results:

  • A crude KFRT prevalence of 0.12% (11.9 per 10,000) was observed in Irish Travellers.
  • Mean age at diagnosis was 43 years; mean age at KRT initiation was 45 years.
  • Haemodialysis was the predominant KRT (89%), with central venous catheters common (79%); 45% received transplants with a mean wait time of 1.96 years.

Conclusions:

  • Irish Travellers exhibit KFRT prevalence comparable to the national average.
  • A short interval exists between diagnosis and KRT initiation.
  • Home therapies are less utilized, but kidney transplant wait times are similar to national averages.