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Related Concept Videos

Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

8.8K
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.1K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
7.1K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
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A Rigorous Framework to Classify the Postduplication Fate of Paralogous Genes.

Reza Kalhor1, Guillaume Beslon2, Manuel Lafond1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.

Journal of Computational Biology : a Journal of Computational Molecular Cell Biology
|August 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene duplication is key to evolution, but the outcomes for duplicated genes and environmental impacts remain unclear. This study introduces a new framework to formally define and analyze these gene fates, advancing evolutionary understanding.

Keywords:
classificationduplication fatesgene duplicationparalogy and simulation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Gene duplication is a fundamental evolutionary mechanism.
  • The fates of duplicated genes and environmental influences are poorly understood.
  • Lack of clear definitions complicates the study of gene duplication outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel framework for characterizing and differentiating the fates of duplicated genes.
  • To provide a rigorous definition for analyzing gene duplication events.
  • To enhance the global understanding of gene duplication's role in evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized aevol, an in silico experimental evolution platform, for simulations.
  • Simulated the evolution of populations to test the new framework.
  • Employed computational methods to analyze gene duplication patterns.

Main Results:

  • The framework successfully characterized and differentiated gene duplication fates.
  • Simulations revealed patterns consistent with previous studies.
  • New tendencies in gene duplication evolution were observed, offering novel insights.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework offers a robust method for studying gene duplication.
  • The findings suggest environmental conditions may significantly influence duplicated gene fates.
  • This research opens new avenues for understanding gene duplication as an evolutionary driver.