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Maintaining Laboratory Cultures of Gryllus bimaculatus, a Versatile Orthopteran Model for Insect Agriculture and Invertebrate Physiology
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Competing adaptations maintain nonadaptive variation in a wild cricket population.

Jack G Rayner1, Franca Eichenberger2, Jessica V A Bainbridge3

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740.

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|August 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Adaptive cricket variants "curly-wing" and "flatwing" impede each other

Keywords:
Teleogryllus oceanicusadaptationepistasispolymorphismwild populations

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Adaptive evolution in wild populations is driven by interactions between emerging variants.
  • The Hawaiian field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus) provides a model for studying these interactions.
  • Two distinct adaptive phenotypes, curly-wing and flatwing, have emerged in these populations, both conferring protection from parasitoid flies (Ormia ochracea).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of the curly-wing and flatwing phenotypes.
  • To understand the evolutionary dynamics of these co-occurring adaptive variants.
  • To determine the impact of phenotype co-expression on adaptive fixation.

Main Methods:

  • Crosses and genomic/mRNA sequencing to identify genetic underpinnings of curly-wing.
  • Reanalysis of existing data for flatwing's X-linked inheritance.
  • Population genetics simulations and field observations to model evolutionary trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Curly-wing is associated with variation on a single autosome.
  • Flatwing inheritance is confirmed as X-linked and single-locus.
  • Fitness epistasis between curly-wing and flatwing prevents either phenotype from reaching fixation despite significant fitness benefits.

Conclusions:

  • The co-occurrence of alternative adaptive phenotypes can inhibit their fixation in wild populations.
  • Fitness epistasis is a significant factor limiting adaptive evolution in sexually reproducing organisms.
  • Interactions between emerging adaptive variants may be a more common evolutionary force than previously recognized.