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    PubMed
    Summary

    This study developed a low-noise capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) system to monitor microbubble (MB) acoustic emissions during transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) therapy. The system successfully detected MB harmonic components, paving the way for safer FUS treatments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Acoustics
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Effective transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) therapy requires precise tracking of microbubble (MB) dynamics via acoustic emission (AE) monitoring.
    • Microbubble emissions contain harmonic and ultra-harmonic components, demanding broad-bandwidth, low-noise monitoring systems for transcranial applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and evaluate a 16-channel analog front-end (AFE) electronics integrated with capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) for monitoring MB AE during tFUS.
    • To assess the system's sensitivity and capability in detecting MB AE through the human skull.

    Main Methods:

    • A 16-channel AFE featuring a low-noise transimpedance amplifier (TIA), band-gap reference, and output buffer was designed.
    • The AFE was integrated with a commercial CMUT array to form a complete monitoring system.
    • System performance was evaluated using free MBs in a microfluidic channel, sonicated at clinically relevant parameters.

    Main Results:

    • The integrated CMUT system achieved a receive sensitivity of 12.3 mV/µPa and a minimum detectable pressure (MDP) of 0.085 µPa up to 3 MHz.
    • The system successfully captured key spectral components of MB harmonics at 0.5 MHz and 250 kPa.
    • Demonstrated ability to detect MB AE through simulated human skull conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed CMUT-based system offers high sensitivity and low noise for monitoring MB AE during tFUS.
    • This technology can support the development of passive cavitation detectors (PCDs) for real-time MB tracking.
    • Enables safer and more effective focused ultrasound (FUS) therapies by providing critical feedback on microbubble behavior.