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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

350
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
350
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

321
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
321
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

1.4K
In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
1.4K
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

2.0K
Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
2.0K
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

6.9K
Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent...
6.9K
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

2.0K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
2.0K

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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems
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Exploring Excited State Landscapes with Surface Enhanced Hyper-Raman Spectroscopy.

Aruna Chandran1, Jon P Camden1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.

ACS Nano
|August 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering (SEHRS) offers a powerful method for analyzing molecules, even at the single-molecule level. This technique provides unique insights into molecular vibrations and electronic states, with promising applications in bioimaging.

Keywords:
hyper-Raman scatteringnon-Condon effectsrhodamine 6Gsurface-enhanced Raman scatteringsurface-enhanced hyper Raman scattering

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering (SEHRS) is the two-photon analog of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
  • It relies on molecules interacting with a plasmonic field to produce nonlinear scattering.
  • Hyper Raman spectroscopy provides unique information on molecular vibrations and electronic excited states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview and describe the essential components of SEHRS.
  • To highlight the interplay between theory and experiment in SEHRS.
  • To discuss recent analytical applications and future directions of SEHRS.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of SEHRS.
  • Description of SEHRS components and principles.
  • Analysis of experimental and theoretical SEHRS data, including case studies like R6G spectra.

Main Results:

  • SEHRS enables the analysis of single molecules due to exceptionally large enhancement factors (>10^13).
  • It reveals insights into excited electronic states and the influence of non-Condon effects.
  • SEHRS demonstrates high sensitivity to chemical effects, probing local environments and ligand orientation.

Conclusions:

  • SEHRS is a powerful analytical technique with significant potential for sensitive molecular analysis.
  • Its ability to probe excited states and environmental factors opens new avenues for research.
  • The use of NIR and SWIR light in SEHRS suggests promising applications in bioimaging.