Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

1.2K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.2K
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

929
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
929
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

4.9K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
4.9K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

2.5K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.5K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

3.2K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.2K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

913
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
913

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

HR-pQCT measures of bone in autosomal dominant osteopetrosis highly correlate with fractures and inversely correlate with bone resorption markers.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·2026
Same author

Extraordinary heat insulation in RbAg<sub>4</sub>I<sub>5</sub>.

National science review·2026
Same author

Screening and monitoring for presymptomatic type 1 diabetes: a time for action.

Hormone research in paediatrics·2026
Same author

Nanozyme-Based Sensors: Advancing Antioxidant Analysis and Total Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation in Foods.

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Adjusted Relationships Between Mean Arterial Pressure, Cardiac Index, and Tissue Oxygenation During Off-Pump Coronary Bypass.

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Lateral patellar compression syndrome <i>vs.</i> tibiofemoral osteoarthritis: a comparative study on meniscal and cartilage injuries.

Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
12:12

Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 16, 2011

13.4K

Immune checkpoints and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction in HIV.

Luke A Pryke1, Ziyue Liu, Alka K Khaitan

  • 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

AIDS (London, England)
|August 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Immune dysregulation in HIV patients affects pancreatic beta cells. Soluble TIM-3 may protect beta cells from injury in untreated HIV, indicating a potential therapeutic target.

More Related Videos

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination
12:33

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

Published on: June 25, 2014

65.2K
In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
09:26

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function

Published on: October 15, 2013

14.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
12:12

Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 16, 2011

13.4K
A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination
12:33

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

Published on: June 25, 2014

65.2K
In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
09:26

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function

Published on: October 15, 2013

14.1K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Virology

Background:

  • HIV infection is associated with immune dysregulation.
  • Pancreatic beta cell dysfunction is a concern in HIV patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between immune dysregulation and pancreatic beta cell injury in HIV patients.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for beta cell protection in HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 105 participant samples.
  • Measurement of interleukin-21 (IL-21) levels.
  • Assessment of immune checkpoint expression (PD-1, CD27+, CD40+).
  • Quantification of soluble T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3).

Main Results:

  • Untreated HIV patients exhibited lower IL-21 levels.
  • Elevated immune checkpoint levels (PD-1, CD27+, CD40+) were observed in untreated HIV patients.
  • Soluble TIM-3 showed a positive correlation with beta cell function and an inverse correlation with beta cell stress.

Conclusions:

  • Immune dysregulation contributes to pancreatic beta cell injury in HIV.
  • Soluble TIM-3 may play a protective role in beta cell function in untreated HIV patients.
  • Soluble TIM-3 is a potential biomarker for monitoring beta cell health in HIV.