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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:17

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...
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Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction
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Polybrachysyndactyly in all 4 extremities: Case report.

Antonio de Jesús González-Luna1, Damaris Estefania Navarro-Nuño1, José Luis Villarreal-Salgado1

  • 1Regional Hospital "Dr. Valentín Gómez Farías", Institute of Security and Social Services for State Workers, Mexico.

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|August 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This case study details surgical correction for polybrachysyndactyly, a rare congenital anomaly affecting all four limbs. The treatment aimed to improve function and address social/aesthetic concerns, leading to a better quality of life.

Keywords:
BrachydactylyPolybrachysyndactylyPolydactylySyndactyly

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics
  • Congenital Anomalies
  • Surgical Reconstruction

Background:

  • Polybrachysyndactyly is a complex congenital anomaly characterized by multiple malformations, posing significant treatment challenges.
  • The condition can lead to functional impairment and social stigmatization due to societal aesthetic standards.

Observation:

  • A 6-year-old male presented with polybrachysyndactyly affecting all four extremities.
  • Initial parental reluctance for surgery was overcome due to social pressure and the child's functional limitations.

Findings:

  • Surgical intervention involved soft tissue techniques, ray cuts, and excisions across all four limbs.
  • Specific procedures included correction of syndactyly in foot thumbs and hand middle fingers, and removal of extra digits.

Implications:

  • Successful surgical management of rare conditions like polybrachysyndactyly can significantly improve a patient's quality of life.
  • Early evaluation for syndromic associations and timely surgical intervention are crucial for mitigating aesthetic stigmas and psychological impact.