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Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

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Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due...
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke
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How green is my reusable bronchoscope?

Nicolas Massart1, Christophe Millet1, Hélène Beloeil2

  • 1Service de Réanimation, CH de St BRIEUC, 10, rue Marcel Proust 22000 Saint-Brieuc, France.

Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine
|August 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Reusable bronchoscopes offer lower environmental impact and cost savings compared to single-use options when utilized sufficiently. This study highlights the importance of usage volume in determining the overall benefits of reusable medical devices.

Keywords:
BronchoscopyCritical careGlobal warmingLife cycle assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Environmental Science
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Single-use bronchoscopes are increasingly adopted in healthcare settings.
  • Reusable bronchoscopes present an alternative with potential environmental and financial benefits.
  • A comparative evaluation of both strategies is crucial for informed decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess and compare the environmental and financial impacts of reusable versus single-use bronchoscopes.
  • To determine the breakeven points for greenhouse gas emissions and cost-effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • A pragmatic eco-audit was conducted in a polyvalent ICU.
  • Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were estimated across the life cycle of both bronchoscope types.
  • Comparison included construction, packaging, transport, and waste elimination for reusable (Pentax® FI-16RBS) and single-use (bronchoflex agile®) devices.

Main Results:

  • For reusable bronchoscopes, GHG emissions ranged from 185 to 192 kg eq.CO2 annually, depending on usage (10-110 procedures).
  • Each reusable bronchoscopy procedure emitted 3.82 kg eq.CO2.
  • The breakeven point for GHG emissions was 50 procedures; for financial considerations, it was 96 procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Reusable bronchoscopes demonstrate lower GHG emissions when used over 50 times per year.
  • Cost-effectiveness favors reusable bronchoscopes beyond 96 annual uses.
  • The study suggests reusable bronchoscopes are more sustainable and economical under current ICU practices.