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[Gender medicine in peritoneal diseases].

Franziska Köhler¹, Beate Rau²

¹Departement of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Irland.

Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany)

|August 1, 2024

Summary

Malignant peritoneal diseases, often from gastric, ovarian, or colorectal cancers, present challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Gender-specific differences in chemotherapy side effects and survival rates warrant further investigation for equitable patient care.

Keywords:

Chemotherapy Cytoreductive surgery Fertility preservation Gender-specific treatment response Side effects

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Cancer Research

Background:

Malignant peritoneal diseases are common but often underreported in cancer registries.
Peritoneal metastases frequently arise from gastric, ovarian, and colorectal cancers.
Gender-specific differences exist in systemic chemotherapy tolerability and toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of peritoneal diseases, focusing on malignant conditions.
To discuss treatment modalities including cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC).
To highlight gender-specific differences in incidence, treatment response, and adverse events.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on peritoneal diseases and their management.
Analysis of treatment outcomes and side effects, with attention to gender-specific variations.
Consideration of fertility and menopause as critical aspects in younger patients undergoing surgery.

Main Results:

Peritoneal metastases are frequent but difficult to quantify due to reporting inconsistencies.
Cytoreductive surgery with or without HIPEC are key surgical options, with potential need for hysterectomy/salpingo-oophorectomy.
Women experience more gastrointestinal and hematological side effects from chemotherapy; survival rates show nuances based on cancer type and stage.

Conclusions:

Significant gender-specific differences in peritoneal cancer incidence, treatment, and outcomes are observed but not fully explained.
Fertility preservation and management of iatrogenic menopause are crucial considerations for younger patients.
Further research is essential to elucidate the reasons for gender disparities and optimize treatment for all patients.