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Super-enhancer omics in stem cell.

Hongying Ma1,2, Jian Qu3,4, Zicheng Pang1,5

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.

Molecular Cancer
|August 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Super-enhancers (SEs) are key to stem cell identity and function. This review introduces "super-enhancer omics" and discusses targeting SEs for treating diseases like cancer.

Keywords:
Cancer stem cellMulti-omicsStem cellSuper-enhancer omicsTranscription

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Stem Cell Biology
  • * Epigenetics

Background:

  • * Stem cell hallmarks (proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation) are vital for identity, regulated by genetic and epigenetic factors.
  • * Super-enhancers (SEs), clusters of active enhancers, are crucial for maintaining stemness through specific transcriptional regulation.
  • * SEs, non-coding RNAs, transcription factors, and co-activators form phase-separated condensates that direct stem cell fate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To introduce the concept of "super-enhancer omics" and its link to Pan-omics.
  • * To review the spatiotemporal organization and function of SEs in stem cell biology.
  • * To elucidate the role of SEs in stemness, cancer stem cells, and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive review of existing literature on super-enhancers and stem cell biology.
  • * Integration of multi-omics technologies to examine SEs.
  • * Analysis of SEs' role in transcriptional regulation and phase separation.

Main Results:

  • * SEs form phase-separated condensates with transcriptional machinery to regulate stem cell fate.
  • * SEs are implicated in maintaining stem cell identity, self-renewal, pluripotency, and differentiation.
  • * Oncogenic SEs contribute to cancer stem cell characteristics via genomic and epigenetic alterations.

Conclusions:

  • * Super-enhancer omics offers a new paradigm for understanding stem cell regulation.
  • * Targeting SE components with small molecules, genome editing, or ASOs shows therapeutic potential for SE-associated diseases, including cancer.
  • * SEs are pivotal in stem cell research and disease treatment strategies.