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Area of Science:

Integrated photonics
Materials science
Optical communications

Background:

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) is a key platform for integrated photonics.
Existing TFLN technology lacks polarization-insensitive multimode interference (MMI) couplers.
MMI couplers are essential for polarization management, division multiplexing, and insensitive modulation in optical communications.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and demonstrate a novel polarization-insensitive MMI coupler on TFLN.
To address the limitations of current TFLN-based polarization control components.
To enable advanced polarization-dependent functionalities in photonic integrated circuits.

Main Methods:

Utilizing anisotropic x-cut TFLN.
Rotating the MMI structure at specific angles.
Compensating for polarization-dependent beat length differences.

Main Results:

Experimental achievement of a polarization-insensitive 1x2 MMI coupler.
Measured transmittances ranging from -2.5 to -4 dB for both output ports.
Operation demonstrated across the 1520-1580 nm wavelength range for both polarization modes.

Conclusions:

The novel MMI coupler design successfully achieves polarization insensitivity on TFLN.
This development is critical for advancing polarization-related optical communication applications.
The demonstrated device offers a viable solution for polarization management in TFLN photonic systems.