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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

39.9K
Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...
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Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

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Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose,...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved...
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface
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Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface

Published on: November 2, 2011

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Capillary adhesion of stick insects.

Guillermo J Amador1, Brett Klaassen van Oorschot1, Uddalok Sen2

  • 1Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|August 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Indian stick insects use a secreted liquid for adhesion, with low surface tension enhancing their footpads' ability to stick to surfaces. This finding could inspire new reversible adhesives.

Keywords:
Laplace pressureadhesive padsallometryattachmentelastocapillaryshear forcewet adhesion

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Imaging Molecular Adhesion in Cell Rolling by Adhesion Footprint Assay
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Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface
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Imaging Molecular Adhesion in Cell Rolling by Adhesion Footprint Assay
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Imaging Molecular Adhesion in Cell Rolling by Adhesion Footprint Assay

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Adhesion Science
  • Insect Morphology

Background:

  • Insect footpads utilize compliant pads and secreted liquid films for adhesion.
  • The precise physico-chemical mechanisms governing insect footpad adhesion remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for biomimetic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physico-chemical mechanisms of adhesion in Indian stick insect footpads.
  • To measure adhesive force and contact geometry in vivo.
  • To predict the surface tension of the secreted adhesive liquid.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous measurement of adhesive force and contact geometry in live, tethered Indian stick insects (Carausius morosus).
  • Utilizing existing capillary adhesion theory to analyze experimental data.
  • Comparing in vivo measurements with previous centrifuge-based studies.

Main Results:

  • Measured adhesive forces are consistent with previous centrifuge-based findings.
  • Predicted surface tension of the secreted liquid ranges from 0.68 to 12 mN/m.
  • The low predicted surface tension enhances wetting and substrate conformability of the footpads.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the role of low surface tension liquid in insect footpad adhesion.
  • Findings provide insights into the functional morphology and adhesion mechanisms of stick insects.
  • Results can inform the biomimetic design of capillary-based, reversible adhesives.