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Population bottlenecks and sexual recombination shape diatom microevolution.

Bruno Hay Mele1, Maria Valeria Ruggiero2, Domenico D'Alelio2,3

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Non-bloom phases are crucial for diatom microevolution, maintaining genetic diversity and preventing species divergence. This study models annual bloom cycles in diatoms, revealing insights into their evolutionary dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Microbial ecology

Background:

  • Diatoms are vital primary producers, crucial for global biogeochemical cycles.
  • Despite ecological significance, diatom microevolutionary processes remain poorly understood.
  • The diatom species *Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata* serves as a model organism due to extensive research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and understand the microevolutionary dynamics of diatoms.
  • To investigate the role of life history phases in diatom evolution.
  • To explore how bloom and non-bloom phases influence genetic diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a simulation model using the SLiM evolutionary framework.
  • Incorporation of annual life history cycles, including bloom and non-bloom phases.
  • Analysis of neutral evolutionary dynamics within the model.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully recapitulates observed microevolutionary patterns in natural diatom populations.
  • Non-bloom phases are critical for preserving sex-generated genetic diversity produced during bloom phases.
  • Consistent genetic differentiation during blooms is counteracted by a return to pre-bloom states in non-bloom phases.

Conclusions:

  • Non-bloom periods are essential for mitigating genetic divergence and maintaining species-level integrity in diatoms.
  • Diatom life history dynamics, particularly non-bloom phases, play a significant role in their microevolution.
  • This research provides a foundation for further studies on the ecological implications of diatom life history.