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Growth analysis in clinical genetics.

J M Opitz, H M Mendez, J G Hall

    Progress in Clinical and Biological Research
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human growth is complex, influenced by many genetic and environmental factors. Prenatal growth is particularly sensitive to environmental influences, and aneuploidies can cause significant growth reduction.

    Area of Science:

    • Human genetics and developmental biology
    • Prenatal and postnatal growth factors
    • Clinical genetics and ultrasonography

    Background:

    • Human growth is a complex process influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors.
    • Prenatal growth is more susceptible to environmental influences than postnatal growth.
    • Autosomal aneuploidies consistently lead to reduced growth rates from early embryonic development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in human growth.
    • To highlight the impact of aneuploidies on growth and development.
    • To emphasize the importance of ultrasonographic monitoring in pregnancies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of genetic and environmental determinants of human growth.

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  • Analysis of the effects of autosomal aneuploidy on growth rate.
  • Discussion of ultrasonographic assessment for fetal developmental abnormalities.

    • Main Results:

    • Prenatal growth is influenced by factors like maternal health, parity, and substance use.
    • Aneuploidies, such as Down syndrome (DS), demonstrate reduced growth rate and canalization.
    • Ultrasonography is a valuable tool for detecting intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and distinguishing it from other conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Ultrasonographic analysis of embryonic and fetal growth should be standard practice for all pregnancies.
    • Distinguishing between intrauterine growth restriction and other growth disorders is crucial for prognosis and management.
    • Normal innervation is essential for limb growth and function, as indicated by neurohypotrophy.