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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

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The noncoding circular RNA circHomer1 regulates synaptic development and experience-dependent plasticity in mouse

Kyle R Jenks1,2, Ying Cai3,2, Marvin Eduarte Nayan4,2

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|August 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate brain plasticity. This study shows circHomer1 is essential for visual cortex development and experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in mice.

Keywords:
circular RNAcritical periodexperience-dependent plasticityocular dominance plasticityprimary visual cortexsynaptic plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundant in the brain, but their function in experience-dependent plasticity is largely unknown.
  • Synaptic plasticity, crucial for learning and memory, involves changes in neuronal connections influenced by experience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of circRNAs in experience-dependent plasticity in the mouse visual cortex.
  • To identify specific circRNAs regulated by monocular deprivation (MD) and elucidate their functions.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome-wide analysis of mRNA and circRNA expression in mouse visual cortex after 3-day monocular deprivation (MD).
  • Knockdown of circHomer1 using molecular techniques.
  • Assessment of visual responses, dendritic spine morphology, and AMPA receptor dynamics.

Main Results:

  • MD altered the expression of multiple circRNAs, including circHomer1, which increased while Homer1a decreased.
  • circHomer1 knockdown impaired visual plasticity, reduced dendritic spine size, and prevented the reduction of surface AMPA receptors.
  • circHomer1 knockdown inhibited experience-dependent endocytosis of AMPA receptors.

Conclusions:

  • circRNAs are regulated by experience-dependent plasticity in the developing brain.
  • circHomer1 plays a critical role in visual cortex synaptic development and plasticity, particularly in regulating AMPA receptor trafficking.