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Related Concept Videos

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
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Murine Fetal Echocardiography
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Right-sided infective endocarditis with ventricular septal defect.

Fatina Munawar1, Ikram Ahmed2

  • 1Dr. Fatina Munawar, MBBS, Tahir Heart Institute, Fazl-e-Omar Hospital, Chenab Nagar, District Chiniot, Pakistan.

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
|August 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This case report highlights a rare instance of infective endocarditis (IE) in a patient with a small ventricular septal defect (VSD). Early detection and surgical correction of VSD can prevent life-threatening IE.

Keywords:
Antibiotic prophylaxisInfective endocarditisVentricular septal defect

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Infective endocarditis (IE) commonly affects heart valves, with an annual incidence of 3-10 per 100,000 patient-years.
  • IE incidence may be underestimated, particularly in developing nations.
  • Risk factors for IE include IV drug use, intracardiac devices, and recent procedures.

Observation:

  • A 37-year-old male presented with shortness of breath, anuria, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, sepsis, and acute kidney injury.
  • Initial transthoracic echocardiogram revealed pulmonary valve vegetation, despite no typical IE risk factors.
  • A repeat echocardiogram identified a small ventricular septal defect (VSD).

Findings:

  • The patient received intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem, along with hemodialysis.
  • Despite initial treatment, a small VSD was identified as a potential cause of right-sided IE.
  • This case underscores the significance of VSDs in the etiology of infective endocarditis.

Implications:

  • Small VSDs can lead to serious conditions like right-sided infective endocarditis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and surgical VSD correction are crucial for preventing life-threatening IE.
  • This case emphasizes the need for thorough cardiac evaluation in IE patients, even without apparent risk factors.