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Tiago Falótico1,2,3, Amanda C Macedo1, Matheus A de Jesus1

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Bearded capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus) exhibit flexible nut-cracking strategies, with variations in efficiency between populations and sexes, suggesting cultural influences on tool use.

Keywords:
camera traphammerstonespopulation differencessex differencestool usetradition

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Area of Science:

  • Primate behavior and ecology
  • Animal cognition and tool use
  • Primate social learning and culture

Background:

  • Capuchin monkeys (Cebidae) demonstrate complex problem-solving, including tool use for resource acquisition.
  • Nut-cracking behavior in capuchins is influenced by ecological pressures and potentially cultural transmission.
  • Limited data exists on the success and efficiency of nut-cracking in wild bearded capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus) populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess palm nut-cracking success and efficiency in two previously unstudied wild bearded capuchin populations.
  • To compare nut-cracking performance across different sites and investigate potential ecological and cultural factors.
  • To examine sex-based differences in nut-cracking success and efficiency among adult bearded capuchins.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized camera traps to non-invasively record and analyze nut-cracking events in wild bearded capuchin populations.
  • Quantified nut-cracking success (frequency of successful cracking) and efficiency (number of strikes per nut).
  • Compared performance metrics between two study sites and analyzed variations based on sex and nut type.

Main Results:

  • Capuchins exhibited similar success frequencies in nut-cracking across sites, despite using hammerstones of varying sizes.
  • Nut-cracking efficiency differed significantly between populations, with one group demonstrating higher efficiency.
  • Sex-based differences in success and efficiency were observed in one population, even for less resistant nuts, contrary to predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Bearded capuchin nut-cracking behavior displays significant flexibility and variance, partially supporting hypotheses of site-specific similarities.
  • Observed differences in efficiency and sex-specific performance suggest potential ecological influences and cultural transmission of tool-use techniques.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the adaptability, variability, and potential cultural dimensions of primate tool use in Sapajus libidinosus.