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The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

The Nitrogen Cycle

51.9K
Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

7.9K
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
7.9K
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

3.5K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
3.5K
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

4.1K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
4.1K
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

2.0K
One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
2.0K
Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones01:38

Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones

2.8K
Carbonyl compounds and primary amines undergo reductive amination first to produce imines, followed by secondary amines in the same reaction mixture, using selective reducing agents like sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Reductive amination produces different degrees of substitution of amines depending on the starting amine substrate.
2.8K

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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

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Utilization of Reactive Nitrogen Compounds for Nitrogen Circular Economy.

Tatsuo Kimura1

  • 1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sakurazaka, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, 463-8560, Japan.

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|August 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Environmental regulations increasingly restrict nitrogen oxides (NOx). This concept explores a novel NOx to ammonia (NH3) process, promoting a nitrogen circular economy and sustainable energy solutions.

Keywords:
Alternate gas-switchingNH3 synthesisNOx recyclingReactive nitrogenSelective reduction

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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis and Environmental Chemistry
  • Sustainable Chemistry and Circular Economy
  • Nitrogen Cycle and Reactivity

Background:

  • Stringent environmental regulations necessitate efficient purification of nitrogen oxides (NOx).
  • Existing denitration technologies like selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and NOx storage reduction (NSR) have limitations.
  • Developing sustainable energy solutions requires innovative approaches to nitrogen compound management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel catalytic technology for converting nitrogen oxides (NOx) into ammonia (NH3).
  • To explore the potential of reactive nitrogen (Nr) compounds for a nitrogen circular economy.
  • To present a concept for a sustainable NOx to ammonia (NTA) process.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual proposal for a catalytic process involving alternate switching of inlet gases (NOx-containing oxidative and H2-containing reductive).
  • Focus on maintaining a constant reaction temperature during the process.
  • Leveraging the higher reactivity of NOx compared to N2 for synthesis.

Main Results:

  • The proposed NOx to ammonia (NTA) process offers a rational pathway for NOx recycling.
  • Ammonia (NH3) synthesized via this method is valuable as both fertilizer and a future fuel.
  • The concept addresses simultaneous environmental and resource challenges.

Conclusions:

  • The NOx to ammonia (NTA) process presents a promising strategy for nitrogen circular economy.
  • This catalytic technology could contribute to sustainable energy and resource management.
  • Further research into this NTA process is warranted for practical implementation.