Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Evaluation of Fluid Overload by Bioelectrical Impedance Vectorial Analysis
Published on: August 17, 2022
Evaluation of a real-life experience with a digital fluid balance monitoring technology
Lisbeth R Leinum1,2, Anders O Baandrup3, Ismail Gögenur2,4
1Department of Urology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.
Background:
Innovations in healthcare technologies have the potential to address challenges, including the monitoring of fluid balance.
Objective:
This study aims to evaluate the functionality and accuracy of a digital technology compared to standard manual documentation in a real-life setting.
Methods:
The digital technology, LICENSE, was designed to calculate fluid balance using data collected from devices measuring urine, oral and intravenous fluids. Participating patients were connected to the LICENSE system, which transmitted data wirelessly to a database. These data were compared to the nursing staff's manual measurements documented in the electronic patient record according to their usual practice.
Results:
We included 55 patients in the Urology Department needing fluid balance charting and observed them for an average of 22.9 hours. We found a mean difference of -44.2 ml in total fluid balance between the two methods. Differences ranged from -2230 ml to 2695 ml, with a divergence exceeding 500 ml in 57.4% of cases. The primary source of error was inaccurate or omitted manual documentation. However, errors were also identified in the oral LICENSE device.
Conclusions:
When used correctly, the LICENSE system performs satisfactorily in measuring urine and intravenous fluids, although the oral device requires revision due to identified errors.
Related Concept Videos
Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring
Several factors...
Pulse rhythm
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound
Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Doppler Ultrasound Blood Pressure Assessment:
Preparation of Equipment:
Special considerations while measuring blood pressure
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.

