[Rehospitalization of preterm infants below 32 weeks of gestational age in the first 2 years post discharge]

Area of Science:

• Neonatology
• Pediatrics
• Public Health

Background:

• Preterm infants, particularly those with lower gestational age (GA), experience high rates of hospital readmission.
• Understanding readmission patterns is crucial for improving post-discharge care for vulnerable infants.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the frequency and characteristics of hospital readmissions in preterm infants (< 32 weeks GA or < 1500 g) up to two years post-discharge.
• To identify risk factors and common causes of readmission in this high-risk population.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective observational study of 989 preterm infants (< 32 weeks GA or < 1500 g) discharged between 2009-2017.
• Analysis of readmission frequency, timing, causes, severity, and associated perinatal factors.
• Inclusion of data on Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admissions.

Main Results:

• 41.5% of infants were readmitted within two years, with 686 total episodes.
• The highest readmission risk occurred within the first six months post-discharge.
• Respiratory causes accounted for 70% of readmissions, with respiratory syncytial virus being the most common pathogen. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and a higher number of siblings were significant risk factors for respiratory readmissions.

Conclusions:

• Preterm infants (< 32 weeks GA or < 1500 g) are at substantial risk for hospital readmission, especially for respiratory conditions, in the initial months after discharge.
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and the number of siblings are identified as key risk factors influencing readmission.
• Early identification and management of respiratory risks are critical for this population.