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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
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The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Murine Flexor Tendon Injury and Repair Surgery
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Murine Flexor Tendon Injury and Repair Surgery

Published on: September 19, 2016

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Flexor Tendon Injuries.

Augustine Kang1, Richard Randall McKnight2, Paige M Fox3

  • 1Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|August 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Managing flexor tendon injuries requires careful surgical planning to minimize complications like adhesions and ruptures. Current concepts aim to improve outcomes for these complex hand injuries.

Keywords:
Flexor tendonreconstructionrepairtwo-stage reconstructionzone 2

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Hand Surgery
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Flexor tendon injuries present significant management challenges.
  • Complications such as adhesions, rupture, and infection are common, particularly in zone 2 repairs.
  • High reoperation rates necessitate improved treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current concepts in the management of flexor tendon injuries.
  • To highlight special considerations for chronic ruptures, fractures, and pediatric cases.
  • To discuss strategies for improving patient outcomes in flexor tendon repair.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and surgical concepts.
  • Discussion of factors influencing management: surgical timing, injury location, approach, and soft tissue handling.
  • Analysis of special considerations for complex cases.

Main Results:

  • Management complexity necessitates a multifactorial approach.
  • Zone 2 flexor tendon repairs are associated with a high complication and reoperation rate.
  • Adhesions and tendon rupture remain significant concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing surgical timing, approach, and soft tissue handling is crucial.
  • Addressing chronic ruptures, concomitant fractures, and pediatric cases requires tailored strategies.
  • Implementing current concepts may lead to better outcomes for flexor tendon injuries.