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Minimally invasive surgery in the correction of recurrent hallux valgus: a case series with 2‑year follow‑up.

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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

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A Novel Simulation Model and Training Program for Minimally Invasive Surgery of Hallux Valgus.

Sergio Morales1, Peter Lam, Rebecca Cerrato

  • 1From the Orthopedic Surgery Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Morales, Ruz, Filippi, and Villa), the Orthopedic Surgery Department, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero Del Río, Santiago, Chile (Morales), the Orthopaedic and Arthritis Specialist Centre, Sydney, Australia (Lam), the Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD (Cerrato), Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-UDD, Santiago, Chile (Mococain), and the Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Varas).

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|August 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study developed an innovative simulation model and training program for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for hallux valgus (HV). The program significantly improved novice surgeons' proficiency, effectively shortening the learning curve.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Surgical Education
  • Medical Simulation

Background:

  • Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for hallux valgus (HV) is increasingly popular but presents a steep learning curve for surgeons.
  • Developing effective training methods is crucial for widespread adoption and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a high-fidelity simulation model and comprehensive training program for HV MIS.
  • To enhance surgical proficiency in novice foot and ankle surgeons performing HV MIS.

Main Methods:

  • A six-session training program with instructional lessons, hands-on simulation, and feedback was designed for novice surgeons.
  • Novice surgeons (n=4) underwent the program, culminating in cadaveric surgery.
  • Experienced MIS surgeons (n=4) served as the expert control group.
  • Assessments included Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS), surgical time, and radiograph usage.

Main Results:

  • The simulation model received high expert satisfaction for anatomical accuracy and training utility.
  • Novices showed significant improvement in OSATS scores from the fifth session, reaching expert-level performance.
  • Novices' post-training performance on the simulation model mirrored cadaveric surgery outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The validated simulation model and training program effectively enhance surgical proficiency for HV MIS.
  • Novice surgeons can master essential skills and significantly reduce the learning curve within the program.
  • The training program demonstrates successful skill transfer from simulation to cadaveric procedures.