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This study compared two models of psychopathy: the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) and the Triarchic Model (TriPM). TriPM better explained substance use and positive adjustment, while AMPD better explained internalizing symptoms, showing model complementarity.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • Psychopathy is conceptualized differently across models, including the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) and the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy (TriPM).
  • AMPD defines psychopathy through specific traits and broader domains (Antagonism, Disinhibition).
  • TriPM posits three core traits: disinhibition, meanness, and boldness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly compare the explanatory power of AMPD and TriPM measures.
  • To examine their associations with externalizing, internalizing, and positive adjustment dimensions.
  • To understand the convergent and divergent validity of these psychopathy models.

Main Methods:

  • Surveyed 1,678 adults on personality traits, clinical symptoms, and positive adjustment.
  • Administered measures for both AMPD and TriPM constructs.
  • Utilized regression analyses to compare variance explained in various outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The TriPM model explained significantly more variance in substance use, positive adjustment, and empathy compared to the AMPD model.
  • The AMPD model explained more variance in internalizing symptoms.
  • Specific sub-traits within AMPD (Antagonism) and TriPM (Meanness, Boldness) showed distinct associations with certain outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Both AMPD and TriPM offer valuable, complementary perspectives on psychopathy.
  • The Triarchic Model may provide a more robust framework for understanding certain facets of psychopathy, such as substance use and positive adjustment.
  • Further research can explore the integration of these models for a comprehensive characterization of psychopathy.