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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation
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Engineering Cells for Cancer Therapy.

Peixin Liu1,2,3, Quanyin Hu1,2,3

  • 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.

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|August 2, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered cells offer advanced cancer immunotherapy and tissue repair by overcoming limitations of natural cells. This research explores in situ cell engineering for targeted therapies, improving treatment efficacy and reducing side effects.

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Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Generation of Tumor Antigen-specific T Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cellular Engineering
  • Cancer Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Living cells are promising for drug delivery and tissue repair but face challenges in production and cost.
  • Bionic and artificial cells aim to mimic cellular functions but struggle with complexity and clinical translation.
  • Engineering living cells offers enhanced control for improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects, enabling precision medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in engineered cells for therapeutic applications.
  • To highlight novel strategies for in situ cell engineering to overcome in vitro manipulation limitations.
  • To discuss the potential of engineered cells in cancer therapy and regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • In situ engineering of endogenous cells using hydrogels with nanoparticles for gene editing (e.g., CAR plasmids).
  • Surface modification of platelets with antibodies for targeted drug delivery and immunotherapy.
  • Engineering bacteria for targeted delivery of protein drugs to induce cancer cell death via pyroptosis.

Main Results:

  • Successful targeting of tumor-associated macrophages for gene editing, inhibiting glioma recurrence.
  • Suppression of postoperative tumor recurrence and immunotherapy for inoperable tumors using engineered platelets.
  • Induction of cancer cell death and immunotherapy through engineered bacteria delivering protein drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered cells, particularly through in situ manipulation, show significant promise for advanced cancer therapy and regenerative medicine.
  • Strategies like CAR T-cell therapy, engineered platelets, and bacteria-based drug delivery offer innovative approaches to overcome current treatment limitations.
  • Further research and development are crucial for clinical translation, addressing challenges in scalability, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory pathways.