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Quantum systems driven by periodic Floquet drives may not always reach infinite temperature. The ground state of a kicked Ising chain shows exceptional robustness against heating, potentially forming long-lived Floquet phases.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Many-Body Physics
  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • External periodic drives (Floquet drives) are theorized to drive generic isolated quantum systems to a featureless infinite temperature state.
  • Evidence supporting or refuting this universal heating hypothesis is limited, especially for nonintegrable systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the initial state dependence of Floquet heating in a nonintegrable quantum system.
  • Determine if certain initial states can avoid reaching the infinite temperature state under periodic driving.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an efficient quantum circuit simulator to study a nonintegrable kicked Ising chain.
  • Simulated systems of varying lengths up to L=30.

Main Results:

  • Observed that the ground state of the effective Floquet Hamiltonian exhibits exceptional robustness against heating.
  • This ground state can maintain a finite energy density even after infinite Floquet cycles if the driving period is below a threshold.
  • This energy localization transition or crossover is not observed for generic excited states.

Conclusions:

  • The ground state's robustness is attributed to its spectral isolation and the atypical nature of high-energy states.
  • Findings challenge the universality of Floquet heating to infinite temperature.
  • Paves the way for designing Floquet protocols to engineer long-lived Floquet phases through initial state engineering.