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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation
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Shearo-caloric effect enhances elastocaloric responses in polymer composites for solid-state cooling.

Shixian Zhang1,2, Yuheng Fu1, Xinxing Nie1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.

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|August 2, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers enhanced elastocaloric cooling using polymer nanocomposites. Adding nanofillers boosts entropy, leading to significant temperature changes for efficient solid-state refrigeration alternatives.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Elastocaloric cooling offers a green alternative to traditional refrigeration.
  • Current elastocaloric polymers have limitations in entropy and deformation, hindering performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the elastocaloric effect in polymers.
  • To develop high-performance solid-state cooling materials and devices.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of inorganic nanofillers into elastocaloric polymers.
  • Investigating the mechanism of enhanced entropy contribution via molecular chain shearing.
  • Demonstration of a large-deformation cooling system.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an adiabatic temperature change of -18.0 K.
  • Recorded an isothermal entropy change of 187.4 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹.
  • Demonstrated a cooling system with 56.3% work recovery efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Nanofiller addition significantly improves elastocaloric performance in polymers.
  • The developed polymer nanocomposites show superior caloric responses compared to existing materials.
  • This research paves the way for advanced elastocaloric polymers and solid-state cooling prototypes.