Microbial Fabrication of Quantum Dots: Mechanism and Applications

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology and Materials Science
• Biotechnology and Green Chemistry

Background:

• Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanomaterials with tunable optoelectronic properties.
• Conventional QD synthesis methods (e.g., lithography, chemical reduction) are costly, labor-intensive, and generate toxic by-products.
• Biosynthesis of QDs is emerging as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biogenic synthesis of various QDs, including cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulfide, lead sulfide, and zinc sulfide.
• To explore the use of bacteria and fungi as biological factories for QD production.
• To identify mechanisms and critical parameters governing biogenic QD synthesis and discuss their applications.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on microbial synthesis of QDs using bacteria and fungi.
• Analysis of underlying mechanisms and critical synthesis parameters.
• Compilation of applications of biogenic QDs in various fields.

Main Results:

• Successful biosynthesis of cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulfide, lead sulfide, and zinc sulfide QDs using microbial agents.
• Identification of key factors influencing QD size, composition, and properties during biosynthesis.
• Demonstration of diverse applications including detectors, photovoltaics, biodiesel, photocatalysis, infection control, and bioimaging.

Conclusions:

• Biogenic QDs present a sustainable and scalable approach to nanomaterial production.
• These bio-synthesized QDs show significant potential for next-generation nanotheranostics.
• Further pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies are essential for clinical translation.