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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Branched Oligomer-Based Reversible Adhesives Enabled by Controllable Self-Aggregation.

Chenxi Qin1, Hao Yang1,2, Bin Li1,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|August 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel reversible adhesive using branched oligomers. This material achieves ultra-high adhesion strength and a wide reversible adhesion span, controllable by temperature and voltage.

Keywords:
adhesionbranched oligomerdynamic interactionelectrochemistryreversibility

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Adhesion Science

Background:

  • Supramolecular adhesion materials face challenges in balancing strong adhesion with reversibility.
  • Small molecule-based systems exhibit limitations in adhesion strength, designability, and interaction diversity due to low covalent bond content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ultra-high strength and large-span reversible adhesive.
  • To overcome the limitations of small molecule-based supramolecular adhesives through a novel strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a branched oligomer controllable self-aggregation strategy.
  • Incorporated dense covalent bonds within the oligomer structure.
  • Employed reversible dynamic double cross-linking for stability.
  • Investigated temperature-induced and voltage-controlled adhesion switching.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a large-span reversible adhesion with a ≈140-fold difference.
  • Demonstrated ultra-strong adhesion (5.58 MPa, 5093.92 N m⁻¹) and ultralow adhesion (0.04 MPa, 87.656 N m⁻¹).
  • Exhibited stable reversible adhesion transitions over 100 cycles.
  • Showcased remote control of adhesion via 8 V voltage with 45 s duration.

Conclusions:

  • The branched oligomer strategy enables ultra-high strength and large-span reversible adhesion.
  • Dense covalent bonds enhance strength without sacrificing reversibility.
  • The developed adhesive offers robust toughness and exceptional reversibility, suitable for advanced applications.