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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.0K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
19.0K
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

4.2K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
4.2K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

5.8K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
5.8K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

40.4K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
40.4K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

17.0K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
17.0K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

12.3K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
12.3K

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Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold
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Muscle-Inspired Formable Wood-Based Phase Change Materials.

Yifan Liu1, Zhisheng Lv2, Jiazuo Zhou1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|August 3, 2024
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Summary

Researchers developed formable phase change materials (PCMs) using wood composites. These shape-adaptable PCMs offer enhanced stability and sustainability for thermal management applications.

Keywords:
phase change materialsresponsive materialssustainable materialsthermal managementwood gels

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Phase change materials (PCMs) are vital for thermal management in construction and logistics.
  • Traditional PCMs face challenges with leakage and formability, limiting their practical applications.
  • Need for stable, versatile, and sustainable thermal management solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel formable phase change materials (PCMs) with enhanced shape stability and versatility.
  • To investigate the potential of wood-based composites for creating advanced PCMs.
  • To assess the environmental impact and recyclability of the developed PCMs.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of hierarchical PCMs using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/wood composites with solvent-responsive supramolecular networks.
  • Modification of PVA/wood composites with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to enhance hydrogen bonding and mechanical properties.
  • Characterization of mechanical properties (tensile stress, stiffness) and formability in response to solvent changes.
  • Life cycle assessment to evaluate environmental footprint.

Main Results:

  • The developed wood-based PCMs exhibit significantly improved mechanical strength and stiffness (530 times stiffer than PEG/PVA counterpart).
  • The material demonstrates excellent formability and shape adaptability in response to solvent stimuli.
  • The PCMs are shape-adaptable, recyclable, and biodegradable, with a reduced environmental footprint.

Conclusions:

  • Formable PCMs inspired by muscle structure, based on PVA/wood composites, overcome limitations of traditional PCMs.
  • Enhanced mechanical properties and solvent-responsive morphing enable intricate designs for thermal management.
  • These sustainable, recyclable, and biodegradable PCMs offer a promising alternative to conventional materials.