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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

900
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
900
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

985
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
985
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

951
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
951
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.4K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.4K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.3K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.3K

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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Spin-Mechanical Coupling in 2D Antiferromagnet CrSBr.

Fan Fei1, Yulu Mao2, Wuzhang Fang1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.

Nano Letters
|August 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

We reveal strong spin-mechanical coupling in 2D magnetic materials like CrSBr using nano-optoelectromechanical interferometry. This enables new possibilities for sensitive magnetic sensing and quantum transduction applications.

Keywords:
2D magnetsNanomechanical resonatorsmagnetostrictionspin-mechanical coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Spin-mechanical coupling is crucial for spintronics, sensing, and quantum transduction.
  • Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials offer unique properties for studying this coupling due to their flexibility and spin orderings.
  • Probing nanoscale mechanical deformation and thermodynamic changes in these materials remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mechanically detect phase transitions and magnetostriction in multilayer CrSBr using nano-optoelectromechanical interferometry.
  • To quantify the spin-mechanical coupling effects, including magnetostriction coefficient and magnetoelastic coupling strength.
  • To investigate the tunability of magnetoelastic properties through gate-induced strain.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nano-optoelectromechanical interferometry for nanoscale mechanical detection.
  • Investigated multilayer CrSBr, an air-stable antiferromagnet with significant magnon-exciton coupling.
  • Applied gate-induced strain to tune magnetoelastic properties.

Main Results:

  • Successfully visualized transitions between antiferromagnetic, spin-canted ferromagnetic, and paramagnetic states.
  • Quantified a nontrivial magnetostriction coefficient of 2.3 × 10-5.
  • Determined magnetoelastic coupling strength on the order of 106 J/m3.
  • Demonstrated nearly 50% tunability of the magnetoelastic constant via gate-induced strain.

Conclusions:

  • Confirmed strong spin-mechanical coupling in CrSBr.
  • The findings highlight CrSBr as a promising material for advanced spintronic devices.
  • Paved the way for developing highly sensitive magnetic sensors and efficient quantum transducers at the atomically thin limit.