Association analysis of HSP90AA1 polymorphism with thermotolerance in tropically adapted Indian crossbred cattle

Raising cattle is a lucrative business that operates globally but is confronted by many obstacles, such as thermal stress, which results in substantial monetary losses. A vital role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) is to protect cells from cellular damage. HSP90 is a highly prevalent, extremely adaptable gene linked to physiological resilience in thermal stress. This study aimed to find genetic polymorphisms of the HSP90AA1 gene in Karan Fries cattle and explore their relationship to thermal tolerance and production traits. One SNP (g.3292 A > C) was found in the Intron 8 and three SNPs loci (g.4776 A > G, g.5218T > C and g.5224 A > C) were found in the exon 11 of 100 multiparous Karan Fries cattle. The association study demonstrated that the SNP1-g.3292 A > C was significantly (P < 0.01) linked to the variables respiratory rate (RR), heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) and total milk yield (TMY (kg)) attributes. There was no significant correlation identified between any of the other SNP sites (SNP2-g.4776 A > G; SNP3-g.5218T > C; SNP4-g.5224 A > C) with the heat tolerance and production attributes in Karan Fries cattle. Haploview 4.2 and SHEsis software programs were used to analyse pair linkage disequilibrium and construct haplotypes for HSP90AA1. Association studies indicated that the Hap3 (CATA) was beneficial for heat tolerance breeding in Karan Fries cattle. In conclusion, genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes in the HSP90AA1 were associated with thermal endurance attributes. This relationship can be utilized as a beneficial SNP or Hap marker for genetic heat resistance selection in cow breeding platforms.