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Dietary modulation of microRNAs in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Vinícius Cooper Capetini1, Bruna Jardim Quintanilha2, Bruna Ruschel Ewald Vega Garcia3

  • 1Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory (GENUIN), Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
|August 3, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Dietary factors regulate microRNAs (miRNAs), which control the insulin signaling pathway. Understanding this link can advance precision nutrition for type 2 diabetes management.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes prevalence is rising globally.
  • Insulin signaling pathways are crucial for glucose homeostasis.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators impacting cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the influence of dietary components on miRNA expression.
  • To explore the role of miRNAs in insulin signaling regulation.
  • To discuss applications in precision nutrition for diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of in vitro and in vivo studies.
  • Analysis of proteomics and genomics data.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on diet-miRNA-insulin signaling interactions.

Main Results:

  • Dietary components modulate miRNA expression.
  • miRNAs regulate insulin signaling pathway genes.
  • Specific dietary patterns impact insulin sensitivity via miRNA mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Diet-regulated miRNAs offer novel targets for type 2 diabetes intervention.
  • Precision nutrition strategies can leverage diet-miRNA interactions.
  • Further research is needed to translate findings into clinical practice.
Keywords:
insulin resistancemicroRNAnutrientsnutrigenomicspolyphenols

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