Lead (Pb) in biological samples in association with cancer risk and mortality: A systematic literature review
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Lead exposure is linked to increased cancer risk and mortality, particularly for gastrointestinal and urinary tract cancers. Reducing environmental lead exposure is crucial for public health prevention strategies.
Area Of Science
- Environmental Health
- Toxicology
- Epidemiology
Background
- Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal and a known environmental contaminant.
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies lead as a Group 2A carcinogen.
- Its association with cancer risk at various body sites requires further clarification.
Purpose Of The Study
- To systematically review and summarize scientific evidence on the association between lead exposure and cancer risk and mortality.
- To focus on studies that measured lead levels in biological samples.
Main Methods
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE up to January 2, 2024.
- Studies quantifying the epidemiological association between lead in biological media (blood, urine, nails) and cancer were included.
- 46 articles published between 1995 and 2023 were selected from 8022 screened records.
Main Results
- Consistent evidence links lead exposure to increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers (esophagus, stomach, colon-rectum, pancreas) and urinary tract cancers (bladder).
- Increased lead levels in blood and urine were associated with higher overall cancer incidence and mortality.
- Data for other specific malignancies were conflicting or insufficient for definitive conclusions.
Conclusions
- Lead is a persistent environmental pollutant associated with cancer at multiple sites.
- Primary prevention interventions to reduce lead exposure are essential and require continuous promotion and implementation.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
Descriptive Statistics: These provide basic...
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...