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Related Concept Videos

Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
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Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

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Acute liver failure.

Rakhi Maiwall1, Anand V Kulkarni2, Juan Pablo Arab3

  • 1Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Lancet (London, England)
|August 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe condition requiring prompt diagnosis and management. Understanding its diverse causes and employing early interventions are crucial for improving patient outcomes and survival rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rapid decline in liver function without pre-existing liver disease.
  • It presents with coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy, posing a significant mortality risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse causes of ALF globally.
  • To discuss prognostic models and current management strategies for ALF.
  • To highlight the importance of early identification and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of ALF causes, prognosis, and treatment.
  • Analysis of common etiological agents including drug toxicity, viral infections, and autoimmune conditions.
  • Evaluation of management options, including supportive care, liver transplantation, and artificial liver support systems.

Main Results:

  • Causes of ALF vary geographically, with drug toxicity and viral infections being common.
  • Sepsis and cerebral edema are leading causes of mortality in ALF patients.
  • Liver transplantation offers the best therapeutic option, with plasma exchange showing utility.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt etiological investigation is essential for guiding ALF management and prognosis.
  • Early recognition and appropriate treatment, including potential transplantation, can significantly alter ALF outcomes.
  • Multidisciplinary care is vital for addressing complications like sepsis and cerebral edema.