The Emerging and Important Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiac Surgery

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Surgery
• Medical Informatics
• Artificial Intelligence

Background:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming medicine, with significant potential in cardiac surgery.
• Complex cardiac surgery patients generate vast amounts of data, offering opportunities for AI-driven insights.
• Current AI applications in cardiac surgery are reviewed from a patient journey perspective.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize current applications of AI in cardiac surgery across the patient care continuum.
• To highlight AI's role in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases, including telemonitoring.
• To discuss the importance of AI integration, data management, and clinical workflow for future advancements.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and applications of AI in cardiac surgery.
• Analysis of AI's impact on patient care from preoperative assessment to outpatient monitoring.
• Discussion of AI's role in administrative tasks and information gathering.

Main Results:

• AI applications span preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative planning, postoperative care, and telemonitoring.
• AI can analyze patient data at the bedside for enhanced speed and accuracy.
• AI also offers potential for offloading administrative tasks and improving information gathering.

Conclusions:

• AI integration in cardiac surgery offers improved efficiency and decision-making for clinicians.
• Effective AI implementation requires robust data curation, warehousing, and privacy protection.
• Holistic integration of AI into clinical workflows is crucial for maximizing its benefits in precision medicine.