Alignment Techniques in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Where do We Stand Today?

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

• Optimal alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is crucial for implant longevity and patient function.
• Traditional mechanical alignment aims for neutral joint positioning.
• Emerging kinematic and hybrid techniques focus on restoring native joint function and patient-specific anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and compare various alignment strategies in TKA.
• To evaluate the advantages and limitations of each technique.
• To identify gaps in current research regarding TKA alignment.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of TKA alignment techniques.
• Analysis of mechanical, kinematic, and hybrid alignment approaches.
• Evaluation of computer-navigated and robotic-assisted surgical advancements.

Main Results:

• Mechanical alignment is traditional but may not optimize native kinematics.
• Kinematic and hybrid alignments show promise for improved functional outcomes and patient satisfaction.
• Personalized alignment strategies are gaining traction to address anatomical variations.

Conclusions:

• The optimal TKA alignment strategy remains debated, balancing implant durability with functional outcomes.
• Personalized and kinematic approaches warrant further investigation.
• Advancements in surgical technology enhance precision in TKA alignment.