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Mortality Rate of COVID-19 With Comorbid Pneumonia in a Rural Area
Anmol Multani1, Vineesha Kollipara1, Tess Krage1
1College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA.
Insights
Pneumonia significantly increases mortality risk in COVID-19 patients. This study found that COVID-19 patients with any form of pneumonia had higher death rates than those without pneumonia, highlighting pneumonia as a critical factor in COVID-19 outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Pulmonology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Pneumonia is a known risk factor influencing COVID-19 mortality.
- This study investigated pneumonia's impact on mortality in COVID-19 patients within a rural healthcare system.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if pneumonia presence increases mortality rates in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
- To compare mortality rates between COVID-19 patients with and without pneumonia.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective observational study using data from April 2020 to December 2021.
- Classified patients into five groups based on COVID-19 and pneumonia status using ICD-10 codes.
- Employed Wald's method and hypothesis testing to compare mortality rates between groups.
Main Results:
- Patients with COVID-19 and any pneumonia (P3) or COVID-19 pneumonia (P1) exhibited the highest mortality.
- COVID-19 patients without pneumonia (P4) had the lowest mortality rate.
- Combined COVID-19 and pneumonia led to higher mortality than COVID-19 alone.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 patients diagnosed with pneumonia experienced higher mortality rates.
- Pneumonia as a comorbidity significantly elevates mortality risk in COVID-19 patients.
- Pneumonia alone also demonstrated a higher mortality rate compared to COVID-19 alone.
Background:
A myriad of risk factors and comorbidities have been determined to influence COVID-19 mortality rates; among these is pneumonia. This study considers pneumonia as a risk factor for increased mortality in patients admitted with COVID-19 in a rural healthcare system. We predicted that the presence of pneumonia of any kind would increase mortality rates in patients admitted with COVID-19.
Methods:
A retrospective observational study was conducted using data collected from hospitals in the Freeman Health System (FHS) located in Joplin and Neosho, Missouri. Data were collected between April 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes, the investigators identified five distinct patient populations: patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia due to COVID-19 (P1); patients with COVID-19 but without pneumonia due to COVID-19 (P2); patients with COVID-19 and any type of pneumonia (P3); patients with COVID-19 but without any type of pneumonia (P4); and patients without COVID-19 and with any type of pneumonia (P5). In order to understand how pneumonia influences COVID-19 outcomes, the investigators used Wald's method and a two-sample proportion summary hypothesis test to determine the confidence interval and to compare the mortality rates between these populations, respectively.
Results:
The population of patients with COVID-19 and any type of pneumonia (P3) and the population of patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia due to COVID-19 (P1) showed the highest mortality rates. The population of patients with COVID-19 but without any type of pneumonia (P4) had the lowest mortality rate. The data revealed that having pneumonia combined with COVID-19 in any patient population led to a higher mortality rate than COVID-19 alone.
Conclusion:
Mortality rates were higher among COVID-19 patients with pneumonia compared to COVID-19 patients without pneumonia. Additionally, pneumonia, by itself, was found to have a higher mortality rate compared to COVID-19 alone.
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