Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Compacting Factor test01:22

Compacting Factor test

127
The compacting factor test is a method used to assess the workability of concrete. It is  especially suitable for concrete mixes containing aggregates up to one and a half inches in size. This test involves specialized equipment consisting of two truncated cone-shaped hoppers and a cylinder, all with polished interior surfaces to minimize friction.
The procedure begins by placing concrete into the upper hopper without any compaction. Once filled, the bottom door of this hopper is opened,...
127
Testing a Claim about Population Proportion01:24

Testing a Claim about Population Proportion

3.3K
A complete procedure for testing a claim about a population proportion is provided here.
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...
3.3K
Bonferroni Test01:10

Bonferroni Test

2.7K
The Bonferroni test is a statistical test named after Carlo Emilio Bonferroni, an Italian mathematician best known for Bonferroni inequalities. This statistical test is a type of multiple comparison test to determine which means are different than the rest. Bonferroni test can minimize the Type 1 error by reducing the significance level alpha, which otherwise increases with sample pairs.
The means of different samples are first paired in all possible combinations.
The null hypothesis of the...
2.7K
Theorems of Pappus and Guldinus: Problem Solving01:12

Theorems of Pappus and Guldinus: Problem Solving

720
Pappus and Guldinus's theorems are powerful mathematical principles that are used for finding the surface area and volume of composite shapes. For example, consider a cylindrical storage tank with a conical top. Finding the surface area or volume can be challenging for such complex shapes. These theorems are particularly useful in calculating the volume and surface area of such systems. Here, the cylindrical storage tank with a conical top can be broken down into two simple shapes: a...
720
The Buckingham Pi Theorem01:09

The Buckingham Pi Theorem

581
The Buckingham Pi theorem provides a structured method to simplify fluid dynamics problems by reducing complex systems of variables to dimensionless terms.
581
Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs01:09

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs

109
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs evaluates the null hypothesis by combining the ranks of differences with their signs. It essentially tests whether the median of the differences in a population of matched pairs is zero. Since the test incorporates more information than the sign test, it generally yields more trustable conclusions. This test also does not require the data to follow a normal distribution, but two conditions must be met for it to be applicable: (1) the data must...
109

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Testing for completions that simulate altruism in early language models.

Nature human behaviour·2025
Same author

New methods for deprecating artificial intelligence systems will preserve history and facilitate research.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Temporal assortment of cooperators in the spatial prisoner's dilemma.

Communications biology·2021
Same author

Reply to Velu and Iyer: The promise and limits of "near-miss" pandemic-related research.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2021
Same author

Opinion: Past is future for the era of COVID-19 research in the social sciences.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

How to Calculate and Validate Inter-brain Synchronization in a fNIRS Hyperscanning Study
05:33

How to Calculate and Validate Inter-brain Synchronization in a fNIRS Hyperscanning Study

Published on: September 8, 2021

6.5K

Empirically testing a relationship between cooperation and the prime numbers.

Tim Johnson1

  • 1Atkinson School of Management, Willamette University, Salem, OR, 97301, USA.

Royal Society Open Science
|August 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cooperation in games may align with prime numbers, but human public goods game data shows weak evidence. Prime-numbered cycles did not consistently increase cooperation, casting doubt on this theoretical link.

Keywords:
cooperationplacebo testsprime numberspublic goods game

More Related Videos

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
06:18

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm

Published on: October 20, 2022

2.0K
The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2025

How to Calculate and Validate Inter-brain Synchronization in a fNIRS Hyperscanning Study
05:33

How to Calculate and Validate Inter-brain Synchronization in a fNIRS Hyperscanning Study

Published on: September 8, 2021

6.5K
The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
06:18

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm

Published on: October 20, 2022

2.0K
The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Game Theory
  • Number Theory

Background:

  • Theoretical models link cooperation to prime numbers in evolutionary game theory.
  • Similar patterns observed in predator-prey population dynamics with prime-numbered life cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically test if cooperation in human public goods games exhibits cyclicality at prime-numbered time intervals.
  • To assess the validity of theoretical predictions regarding prime-number cycles and cooperation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of previously published data from human public goods games played across multiple time points.
  • Statistical examination for cyclical patterns at prime-numbered intervals and placebo tests.

Main Results:

  • Modest evidence of cyclicality at prime-numbered intervals was found, with rough agreement with theoretical predictions.
  • Individual decisions showed increased contributions at prime-numbered time points, with a low chance of spurious estimation.
  • Excluding low-value prime-numbered time points reduced the effect size, preventing rejection of the null hypothesis.

Conclusions:

  • The hypothesis of increased cooperation at prime-numbered time points is cast into doubt for human public goods games.
  • The observed effects appear driven by low-value prime-numbered time points, contrary to theoretical expectations.
  • Empirical findings do not strongly support the theoretical models linking prime-number cycles to enhanced cooperation in this context.