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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
InCl3-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrrolo/Indolo- and Benzooxazepino-Fused Quinoxalines
Nuray Esra Aksakal1,2, Metin Zora1
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
Abstract:
In this paper, we describe an efficient InCl3-catalyzed two-component reaction of 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrroles/indoles and 2-propargyloxybenzaldehydes for the direct synthesis of 12bH-benzo[6,7]1,4-oxazepino[4,5-a]pyrrolo/indolo[2,1-c]quinoxalines. This high atom- and step-economical one-pot process generates three new C/N-C bonds in a single synthetic operation, resulting in the formation of new six- and seven-membered heterocyclic rings. The easy availability of the starting materials, the use of the relatively inexpensive indium catalyst, and the good substrate scope are the salient features of this strategy. The proposed mechanistic pathway involves imine formation, two consecutive cyclizations via electrophilic aromatic substitution and nucleophilic addition reactions, and the H shift step.
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