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Related Concept Videos

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Hospitals provide inpatient and outpatient services. Inpatient services provide care to patients that stay in the hospital for an extended period, ranging from days to months. Examples of inpatient services include intensive care units, hospital wards, or surgeries. Outpatient services provide care to patients who come to a hospital for a diagnostic or treatment but do not stay overnight —for example, diagnostic tests, surgical procedures, or health education.
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Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS)
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Interprofessional Staffing Pattern Clusters in U.S. ICUs.

Hayley B Gershengorn1,2, Deena Kelly Costa3,4, Allan Garland5

  • 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

Critical Care Explorations
|August 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most U.S. intensive care units (ICUs) have high overall staffing. Other ICUs show distinct patterns, prioritizing either provider presence and nursing leadership or enhanced bedside nursing support, but not both.

Keywords:
intensive care unitsnurse practitionersnursespharmacistsphysician assistantsphysicians

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Healthcare Management
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Interprofessional staffing is crucial for intensive care unit (ICU) patient outcomes.
  • Understanding diverse staffing patterns is essential for optimizing ICU operations and quality of care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize distinct interprofessional staffing pattern clusters within U.S. ICUs.
  • To compare characteristics of ICUs across identified staffing clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Latent class analysis was employed using data from a national survey of 596 adult ICUs.
  • The survey assessed the availability and roles of intensivist providers, nursing staff, respiratory therapists, and clinical pharmacists.
  • ICU and hospital characteristics were compared across identified staffing clusters.

Main Results:

  • Three optimal staffing clusters were identified: 'higher overall staffing' (54.2%), 'lower intensivist coverage & nursing leadership, higher bedside nursing support' (33.7%), and 'higher provider coverage & nursing leadership, lower bedside nursing support' (12.1%).
  • The 'higher overall staffing' cluster featured robust provider coverage, nursing leadership, and bedside nursing support, with greater prevalence of clinical pharmacists.
  • Cluster 1 ICUs were larger, located in larger, not-for-profit hospitals. Telemedicine use was higher in cluster 3.

Conclusions:

  • Over half of U.S. ICUs exhibit comprehensive staffing models.
  • Remaining ICUs demonstrate trade-offs, with some emphasizing provider and leadership support, while others focus on bedside nursing resources, highlighting varied approaches to ICU staffing.