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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

340
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
340
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

153
Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
153

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Cortical Lesions Form Predominantly in Early Multiple Sclerosis.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Phonemic processing is below expectations and linked to word-finding difficulty in multiple sclerosis.

Emily Dvorak1,2, Sarah Levy1, Jordyn R Anderson1

  • 1Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|August 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phonological processing deficits are common in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and directly linked to word-finding difficulties. This suggests early brain changes may impact speech in RRMS patients.

Keywords:
Languagecognitionmultiple sclerosisphonology

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Word-finding difficulty is a common yet poorly understood symptom in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms of word-finding difficulty is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that phonological processing ability is impaired in patients with RRMS.
  • To determine the relationship between phonological processing deficits and word-finding difficulty in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty patients with RRMS were assessed for patient-reported word-finding difficulty (PR-WFD).
  • Objective performance was measured using the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Fourth Edition (WIAT-4), including Phonemic Proficiency (PP), Word Reading (WR), and Sentence Repetition (SR).

Main Results:

  • Phonemic Proficiency (PP) scores were significantly lower than normative expectations in RRMS patients.
  • Worse patient-reported word-finding difficulty (PR-WFD) was specifically associated with lower Phonemic Proficiency (PP) performance.
  • Word Reading (WR) and Sentence Repetition (SR) performance did not differ significantly from normative expectations and were not related to PR-WFD.

Conclusions:

  • Phonological processing is demonstrably below expectations in individuals with RRMS and is specifically linked to word-finding difficulty.
  • These findings support the hypothesis of early disease-related cortical changes affecting phonological processing in RRMS.
  • The results contribute to an evolving model of word-finding difficulty in multiple sclerosis.