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Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

9.6K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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6.4K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

25.3K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
25.3K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.1K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.1K
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

3.5K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
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Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

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Successes in translation.

Per Westermark1, Giampaolo Merlini2

  • 1Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Amyloid : the International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Investigation : the Official Journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis
|August 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Translational research accelerates systemic amyloidosis diagnosis and therapy. Key advances in understanding amyloid, its effects, and new therapeutic strategies are highlighted.

Keywords:
Amyloidosishistorypathogenesistranslation

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Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Systemic amyloidoses require advanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • Translational research bridges basic science discoveries with clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review critical advances in translational research for systemic amyloidoses.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding amyloid structure, function, and cytotoxicity.
  • To discuss the role of biomarkers and molecular mechanisms in disease management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of presentations from the ISA Workshop on Translation in Systemic Amyloidoses.
  • Analysis of key discoveries and developments in amyloidosis research.
  • Description of translational research examples in light chain amyloidosis.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in understanding amyloid's nature and functional impact.
  • Elucidation of mechanisms underlying cardiac damage in light chain amyloidosis.
  • Demonstration of biomarkers' utility in disease biology and patient management.
  • Insights into molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in basic research are paving the way for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Translational research is crucial for improving systemic amyloidosis outcomes.
  • Continued exploration of molecular mechanisms and biomarkers is essential for future therapies.